A deed that does not mention mineral rights is considered to convey what?

A deed that does not mention mineral rights is generally understood to convey all rights associated with the property, which includes both surface and subsurface rights. In the absence of an explicit exclusion or reservation of mineral rights, the default presumption is that the owner retains ownership of both the surface land and the minerals beneath it. This is crucial to understand in real estate transactions because if mineral rights were intended to be excluded, that should be clearly stated in the deed to avoid ambiguity. Therefore, unless there is a specific indication that mineral rights are reserved or sold separately, the deed would be interpreted as transferring both the surface and subsurface rights to the grantee.