Which of the following actions would NOT be a violation of Section 8?

The action that would not violate Section 8 is charging by a person who performs substantial services. Section 8 of the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) prohibits kickbacks and unearned fees, which means that parties involved in a real estate settlement must only be compensated for actual services rendered. When substantial services are performed, it is justified to charge for those services because the payment reflects legitimate work done.

In contrast, the other actions listed involve violations of Section 8. Charging for no services or only nominal services lacks legitimate work to justify compensation, rendering those charges illegal. Additionally, charging duplicative fees means that a consumer is being billed multiple times for the same service, which also goes against the rules designed to protect consumers from unnecessary costs. Therefore, the correct answer highlights the importance of compensating only for substantial, verifiable services in the realm of title insurance and real estate transactions.